Institutional investors are entities that invest large sums of money on behalf of others, such as pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds, and endowments. These investors typically have a long-term investment horizon and often have significant influence in financial markets due to the size of their holdings. Institutional investors play a key role in the economy by providing capital to businesses and governments, as well as influencing corporate governance practices. Research in this area often focuses on understanding the behavior and impact of institutional investors on financial markets, corporate decision-making, and overall market stability.